Objective: PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA (PTC) is the most frequent type of THYROID malignancies. Several genes may be involved in susceptibility of THYROID cancer including Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA). The association of THYROID CARCINOMA with HLA alleles had been previously studied in other populations and certain HLA alleles were shown to be either predisposing or protective. The aim of this study was to determine the association between HLA-DR and PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA in an Iranian population.Design: HLA-DR antigen frequencies were determined in patients with PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA (N=70) and non-related healthy controls (N=180) using PCR -SSP. Main outcome: We found that HLA-DRB1*04 frequency was significantly higher in our patients compared to that of the controls [P=0.02, OR; 1.9, 95% CI (1.04–3.57)]. Conclusion: Our results revealed HLA-DRB1*04 as a predisposing factor in PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA in an Iranian population. This confirms the previous findings for the associations between HLA-DRB1 and differentiated CARCINOMAs in other populations.

PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA is the most common malignancy among females in Saudi Arabia and may present in an advanced stage and with distant metastases, mostly to the lungs, comprising 32% of the recurrences. Airway invasion is a life-threatening complication of THYROID cancer. The differentiation between the clinical features of bronchial wall invasion versus those of an obstructive endobronchial lesion deserves more attention. Endobronchial lesion may present with no symptoms. We report have a patient with PAPILLARY CARCINOMA of the THYROID associated with endobronchial metastases in the absence of other sites of tumor dissemination.

Background & Objective: One of the most prevalent endocrine system cancers is PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA, with complicated predisposing factors and pathogenesis. YAP1 (Yes-associated protein 1) is a well-known oncogene,its activity is increased in a variety of human malignancies and has recently been paid great attention. The present study examines YAP1 and P53 immunohistochemical expression in PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA and investigates the association of their expression with the available clinicopathological risk factors to assess their possible prognostic role. Methods: The current study used paraffin blocks of 60 cases of PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA, which were immunohistochemically assessed for YAP1 and p53 expression. The study examined the association of their expression with clinicopathological characteristics. Results: YAP1 expression was observed in 70% of PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA cases. A statistically significant relation was observed between YAP1 expression and tumor size, tumor stage, tumor focality, lymph node metastases, and extraTHYROIDal extension (P-values were =0. 003, > 0. 001, 0. 037, 0. 025, and 0. 006), respectively. p53 expression was observed in 85% of PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA cases. A statistically significant relation was observed between p53 expression and tumor size (P=0. 001) and tumor stage (P>0. 001). A statistically significant relation was noticed between YAP1 and P53 expression (P=0. 009). Conclusion: YAP1 expression was found to be associated with many high-risk clinicopathological characteristics in patients with PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA and with p53 expression,thus, it seems that YAP1 may have a specific impact on the patient's outcome.

THYROID malignant neoplasms are the most prevalent cancer of the endocrine system, and their concurrence with paraTHYROID neoplasms is extremely rare. We report a 69-year-old woman presenting with hypercalcemia and THYROID nodule, which histologic examination revealed bilateral PAPILLARY THYROID CARCINOMA with different variants coincident with paraTHYROID adenoma. Awareness of concomitant paraTHYROID and THYROID diseases may help manage patients with hypercalcemia history. So, we recommended a preoperative calcium check in a patient with a THYROID nodule.